The History Of Egypt Podcast

Thutmose IV (Part 2): The Entire Reign at Once. For ten years, maybe more, Thutmose IV ruled Egypt. It was a successful reign and the treasures that emerge from this period are testament to a prosperous realm. The royal court is more visible than ever, with intriguing tales to tell... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments.  Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Additional music by Michael Levy www.ancientlyre.com. Select bibliography: Betsy M. Bryan, The Reign of Thutmose IV, 1991. Gun Björkman, “Neby, the Mayor of Tjaru in the Reign of Thutmosis IV,” Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, 1974. Howard Carter & Theodore M. Davis, The Tomb of Thoutmosis IV, 1904 & 2002. Aidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2010. Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunrise, 2014. Raphael Giveon, “Thutmose IV in Asia,” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 1969. Arielle P. Kozloff

Thutmose IV (Part 1): Old Enemies Become New Friends. 1418 - 1416 BCE. The new pharaoh spends his first two years involved in political reprisals and military actions. He removes rivals, but also makes friends with some longstanding enemies... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Music by Derek and Brandon Fiechter https://dbfiechter.bandcamp.com/ Select Bibliography: Betsy M. Bryan, The Reign of Thutmose IV, 1991. Raphael Giveon, “Thutmosis IV and Asia,” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 1969 (JSTOR). Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, 1994. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Interlude: Two Princes Clash. In 1418 BCE, Egypt momentarily lacks a pharaoh. Two sons of the crown go head to head, in a duel to be the next ruler. Who wins? Only the Sphinx knows... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Select Bibliography: Hutan Ashrafian, “Familial epilepsy in the pharaohs of ancient Egypt’s eighteenth dynasty,” 2012. Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, 1994. James E. Harris, “The Identification of the Eighteenth Dynasty Royal Mummies: A Biological Perspective,” 1991. Peter der Manuelian, Studies in the Reign of Amenophis II, 1987. Ian Shaw (ed.), The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, 2000. J.J. Shirley, The Culture of Officialdom, 2005. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Religious Year (Parts 10-11): the Egyptian Day of the Dead. In the 10th month of the year, Egyptians celebrated the "Beautiful Festival of the Valley," a grand affair similar to today's Day of the Dead or Qingming celebrations. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments.  Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Additional Music by Michael Levy www.ancientlyre.com. Select Bibliography: Anthony J. Spalinger, “Ancient Egyptian Calendars,” in Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy, 2015. Emily Teeter, Religion and Ritual in Ancient Egypt, 2011. Richard H. Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, 2003. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Assassin's Creed Origins sees video-game players visiting ancient Egypt (c.50 BCE). From the desert oases to the city of Alexandria, the Faiyum to the Pyramids, you can now explore a fully-realised version of ancient Egypt. But how does the game play, and is it historical enough? Today I explore some of the history behind it, and what the game does right. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments.  Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Music by Brandon and Derek Fiechter https://dbfiechter.bandcamp.com/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amunhotep II (Part 7): Remarkable Discoveries in a Royal Tomb. Around 1440 BCE, Egyptians were carving the burial monument of Amunhotep II in the Valley of the Kings. In 1898 CE, a group of excavators were uncovering the edifice once more. In a dual narrative, we explore the design, construction and discovery of a most remarkable tomb... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com Additional Music by Michael Levy www.ancientlyre.com Select Bibliography: Erik Hornung, The Valley of the Kings, 1990. Erik Hornung, The Ancient Egyptian Books of the Afterlife, 1999. C.N. Reeves, Richard Wilkinson, The Complete Valley of the Kings, 1996. Peter der Manuelian, Studies in the Reign of Amenophis II, 1989. Elliot Smith, The Royal Mummies, 1912. Online Resources: Theban Mapping Project – Tomb of Amunhotep II Narmer.pl – The Royal Cache Egypt, Land of Eternity –

Amunhotep II (Part 6): Finding an Heir. Around 1420 BCE, Amunhotep II comes to the end of his days. We explore his family life, what we know about the man himself, and try to get a handle on his legacy... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments.  Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Select bibliography: Alexandra von Lieven, “Mortuary Ritual in the Valley of the Kings,” in Richard H. Wilkinson and Kent R. Weeks, The Oxford Handbook of the Valley of the Kings, 2016. Peter der Manuelian, Studies in the Reign of Amenophis II, 1987. Barbara A. Richter, “The Amduat and Its Relationship to the Architecture of Early 18th Dynasty Royal Burial Chambers,” Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt (2008). G. Elliot Smith, The Royal Mummies, 2000. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amunhotep II (Part 5): How to Make Friends and Rule the Nile Valley. The pharaoh Amunhotep II has a reputation for cronyism: he put his childhood friends into positions of power, and removed trusted officials from office at a whim. Does he deserve this reputation? We go in search of an answer, exploring the lives of some noteworthy men who rose to prominence in this time... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Select Bibliography: Peter der Manuelian, Studies in the Reign of Amenophis II, 1987. M. Eaton-Krauss, “The Fate of Sennefer and Senetnay at Karnak and in the Valley of the Kings,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 1999. JJ Shirley, “Crisis and Restructuring of the State: From the End of the Middle Kingdom to the Advent of the Ramesses,” in Ancient Egyptian Administration, 2013. JJ Shirley, The Culture of Officialdom: An examination of the acqui

The Religious Year (Parts 8-9): Onions for Bastet. Months 8 and 9 were big on drinking and eating, with some strange rituals to go along with them. We meet Bastet (the cat) and Renen-utet (the snake), two goddesses who were friends to farmers. As the harvest season began, all looked towards the growth of the fields... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments.   Select Bibliography: Richard H. Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, 2003. Anthony J. Spalinger, “Ancient Egyptian Calendars,” in C.L.N. Ruggles (ed.) Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy, 2015. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Interlude: A Royal Journey Through the Underworld Rulers of the 18th Dynasty decorated their tombs with lavish images of the underworld, which we know as the Duat. These scenes, and texts, reveal a complex story of Re's journey beneath the western horizon, through the nether, and ultimately into a cosmic re-birth. Along the way he crossed waters and deserts, faced demons and monsters, and even met with his own corpse... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com.   Select Bibliography: Erik Hornung, The Ancient Egyptian Books of the Afterlife, 1999. Erik Hornung, Texte zum Amduat, 1987. Erik Hornung, Valley of the Kings: Horizon of Eternity, 1990. Emily Teeter, Religion and Ritual in Ancient Egypt, 2011. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Ultimate Underworld Story. The Book of the Dead might be the most famous piece of writing from ancient Egypt. It is also one of the most misunderstood... Around 1420 BCE, a royal architect commissioned a book for his tomb. This text is one of the best preserved Books of the Dead from the mid-18th Dynasty. From its unrolled pages, we can explore the journey into the underworld, as experienced by a non-royal Egyptian. Note: This episode functions as an introduction to the Book of the Dead. As we move forward through the centuries, we will revisit the text to see new developments and additions. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Jeffrey Goodman www.shelterofclearlight.com/. Select Bibliography: Francoise Dunand and Christiane Zivie-Coche, Gods and Men in Egypt: 3000 BCE to 395 CE. Richard Faulkner, The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead, 1985. Dennis C. Forbes, Tombs. Treasures. M

The Religious Year (Parts 6-7): The False Summer. In the months of "Great Heat" and "Small Heat," Egyptians celebrated some very important festivals. Mid-winter had passed, and it was time to bring life back to the cosmos. Along the way, the Egyptians celebrated the gods Anubis, Amun-Re, and a deified Pharaoh... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments.  Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Select Bibliography: Richard Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, 2003. Anthony Spalinger, “Ancient Egyptian Calendars,” Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy, 2015. G.S. Hawkins, “Astronomical Alignments in Britan, Egypt and Peru,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 1974. J. Norman Lockyer, “The Dawn of Astronomy,” Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 1894. Learn more about your ad choi

Amunhotep II (Part 4): Worshiping the Sphinx. Before he became king, Amunhotep II made a promise to embellish and restore monuments on the Giza Plateau. Once Pharaoh, he fulfilled his promise beautifully. As he did so, he introduced a new chapter in Egypt's religious history... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments.  Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Select Bibliography: Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunrise, 2014. Selim Hassan, The Great Sphinx and Its Secrets, 1953. Stéphane Pasquali, “Baraize Excavations 1933 – 1934 at Giza,” Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, 2009. William Kelly Simpson, “Reshep in Egypt,” Orientalia, 1960. Richard H. Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, 2003. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amunhotep II (Part 3): Slavery and the Bible. In 1435 BCE, King Amunhotep II led a devastating war in Syria. He took thousands of captives and transported them to Egypt by force. Once there, they became captive workers of the Egyptian elite. Was this the historical inspiration for the Biblical "Captivity"? We go in search of answers... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Additional Music by Michael Levy www.ancientlyre.com. Select Bibliography: Osiris.net – Tomb of Nakht (website) Yohanan Aharoni, “Some Geographical Remarks Concerning the Geography of the Campaigns of Amenhotep II,” Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 1960. Manfred Bietak, “Peru-Nefer: The Principle New Kingdom Naval Base,” Egyptian Archaeology, 2009. Edwin C.M. van den Brink, Tombs and Burial Customs at Tell el-Dab’a, 1982. Barbara Cummings, Egyptian Historical Records of the Later E

Amunhotep II (Part 2): The Pharaoh's Aide. In 1440 BCE, a servant of Pharaoh inscribed his tomb with a remarkable text detailing every aspect of his job. What was life like, for one of Egypt's most important officials? Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: G.P.F. van den Boorn, The Duties of the Vizier, 1988. Peter der Manuelian, Studies in the Reign of Amenophis II, 1987. B.G. Trigger et al., Ancient Egypt: A Social History, 1983. Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunrise, 2014. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Religious Year (Part 5): Worshipping Snakes and Cats. The fifth month was an interesting one, involving worship of snakes, and cats sailing down the Nile. Major gods of this month include Neheb-Kau, Bastet, Shesmet-et, Wadjet and Mut. We meet a few of these strange deities and see why snakes and cats went hand-in-hand... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments.   Select Bibliography: Richard H. Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, 2003. Anthony Spalinger, “Ancient Egyptian Calendars,” in C.L.N. Ruggles (ed.),  Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy, 2015. Alan W. Shorter, “The God Nehebkau,” The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (1935). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amunhotep II (Part 1): The Sportsman King. From 1459 to 1440 BCE, the prince Amunhotep II enjoyed a privileged upbringing. Once he ascended to power, he displayed his prowess to all and sundry. From the battlefield to the sports field, Amunhotep set out to make his name... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments.   Select Bibliography: Peter der Manuelian, Studies in the Reign of Amenophis II, 1987. Betsy M. Bryan, The Reign of Thutmose IV, 1991. W. Vivian Davies, “The British Museum epigraphic survey at Tombos: the stela of Usersatet and Hekaemsasen,” British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan (2009). John Coleman Darnell, “The Stela of the Viceroy Usersatet (Boston MFA 25.632), his Shrine at Qasr Ibrim, and the Festival of Nubian Tribute under Amenhotep II,” ENiM (2014). Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunrise, 2014. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Thutmose III (Part 10): The End of a Mighty Reign. From 1450 to 1441, Thutmose lived out the last nine years of his reign. He commanded one last expedition; oversaw building projects, and brought his tomb to completion. Finally, he had to prepare for the succession, and his own inevitable death... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Correction: at 48:10, I refer to the date of Amunhotep II's co-regency as 1441. This should be 1444 BCE.   Select Bibliography: Articles Anson F. Rainey, “Amenhotep II’s Campaign to Takshy,” Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt (1973) JSTOR. Donald B. Redford, “The Coregency of Thutmosis III and Amenophis III,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (1965) JSTOR. George A. Reisner, “The Viceroys of Nubia,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (1920) JSTOR. Barbara A. Richter, “The Amduat and Its Relationship to the Architecture of Early 18th Dynasty Royal Burial

The Religious Year (Part 4): Hathor and Osiris. In the fourth month of the year, the Egyptians celebrated the end of the Nile flood (Akhet). With grand ceremonies to Hathor, Osiris and the god Sokar, they brought the first season of the year to a close. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments.   Select Bibliography: Stuart Tyson-Smith, “Raising the Djed-Pillar” (PDF) Richard H. Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, 2003. University College London – Khoiak (Website) UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology – Sokar (Website) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Thutmose III (Part 9): Home and Propaganda. From 1455-1450 BCE, Thutmose spent much of his time involved in domestic affairs. Unfortunately, this involved some very harsh policies towards his immediate predecessor... Update: Thutmose III probably reburied some of his immediate successors. In 2023, archaeologists may have found a tomb associated with one of these rulers. More information in the episode "News from the Field (2023 Review)" and on the website. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments.   Select Bibliography: Eric H. Cline and David O’Connor (eds.), Thutmose III: A New Biography, 2006. Sue D’Auria, “The Princess Baketamun,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 69 (1983) (JSTOR). Vanessa Davies, “Hatshepsut’s Use of Thutmosis III in Her Program of Legitimation,” Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 41 (2004) (JSTOR). Aidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Anci